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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Chambers (architecte)</span></h1>
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<div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#4C6099;color:#FFFFFF"><div>William Chambers</div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"></div><div class="legend">En <time>1764</time>.</div></div><table><caption style="color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099">Biographie</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Naissance</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p569"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1723-02-23" data-sort-value="1723-02-23"><a href="23_f%C3%A9vrier" title="23 février">23 février</a> <a href="1723" title="1723">1723</a></time></span><br><span class="wd_p19"><a href="G%C3%B6teborg" title="Göteborg">Göteborg</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Décès</th><td class=""><div>
<time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1796-03-10" data-sort-value="1796-03-10"><a href="10_mars" title="10 mars">10</a> <a href="Mars_1796" title="Mars 1796">mars</a> <a href="1796" title="1796">1796</a></time> (à 73&nbsp;ans)<br><span class="wd_p20"><a href="Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Sépulture</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p119"><a href="Abbaye_de_Westminster" title="Abbaye de Westminster">Abbaye de Westminster</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Nationalités</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p27"><a href="Grande-Bretagne_(royaume)" title="Grande-Bretagne (royaume)">britannique</a><br><a href="Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">suédoise</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Formation</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p69">École des beaux-arts <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts" class="extiw external" title="en:École des Beaux-Arts"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Activité</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p106"><a href="Architecte" title="Architecte">Architecte</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Conjoint</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p26">Catherine Chambers <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131108794" class="extiw external" title="d:Q131108794"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Enfant</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p40">Selina Innes <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27943191" class="extiw external" title="d:Q27943191"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099">Autres informations</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Membre de</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p463"><a href="Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> <small>(<time>1776</time>)</small><br><a href="Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy</a><br><a href="Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_des_sciences_de_Su%C3%A8de" title="Académie royale des sciences de Suède">Académie royale des sciences de Suède</a><br><a href="Acad%C3%A9mie_du_dessin_de_Florence" title="Académie du dessin de Florence">Académie du dessin de Florence</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Maître</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p1066"><a href="Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" title="Jacques-François Blondel">Jacques-François Blondel</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Distinctions</th><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p166"><a href="Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> <small>(<time>1771</time>)</small><br><a href="Ordre_royal_de_l'%C3%89toile_polaire" title="Ordre royal de l'Étoile polaire">Chevalier 1re classe de l'ordre royal de l'Étoile polaire</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099">Titre honorifique</caption><tbody><tr class="row1col" style="background-color:#7090E0"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#7090E0"><a href="Sir_(noblesse)" title="Sir (noblesse)">Sir</a></th></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;background-color:#4C6099">Œuvres principales</caption><tbody><tr class=""><td class=""><div>
<span class="wd_p800"><i>George III et la Tamise</i> <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17527239" class="extiw external" title="d:Q17527239"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small>, <a href="Dundas_House" title="Dundas House">Dundas House</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><b>William Chambers</b>, né le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1723-02-23" data-sort-value="1723-02-23">23 février 1723</time> à <a href="Gothembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothembourg">Göteborg</a> (<a href="Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a>) et mort le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1796-03-10" data-sort-value="1796-03-10">10 mars 1796</time> à <a href="Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a>, est un <a href="Architecte" title="Architecte">architecte</a> <a href="%C3%89cosse" title="Écosse">écossais</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="histoire">histoire</h2></div>
<p>Fils d'un marchand écossais établi en <a href="Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a>, William Chambers est envoyé en <a href="Angleterre" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a> pour faire ses études. Il retourne en Suède à l'âge de 16 ans et travaille pour la Compagnie des Indes Orientales Suédoise entre <a href="1740" title="1740">1740</a> et <a href="1749" title="1749">1749</a>, ce qui lui permet de voyager en <a href="Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a> et au <a href="Bengale" title="Bengale">Bengale</a>. Il y étudie l'architecture chinoise. En <a href="1749" title="1749">1749</a>, ayant amassé suffisamment d'argent, il peut se consacrer exclusivement à l'architecture.
</p><p>Il l'étudie à <a href="Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> avec <a href="Jacques_Fran%C3%A7ois_Blondel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques François Blondel">Jacques François Blondel</a> et en <a href="Italie" title="Italie">Italie</a>, où il se familiarise avec les idées qui avaient cours à l'<a href="Acad%C3%A9mie_de_France_%C3%A0_Rome" title="Académie de France à Rome">Académie de France à Rome</a>. À son retour en <a href="Angleterre" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a> en <a href="1755" title="1755">1755</a>, il s'établit comme architecte à <a href="Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> et, sur la recommandation du <abbr class="abbr" title="Quatrième">4<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;comte de Bute, devient conseiller du <a href="George_III_du_Royaume-Uni" class="mw-redirect" title="George III du Royaume-Uni">Prince de Galles</a> pour l'architecture. En <a href="1761" title="1761">1761</a>, il est nommé l'un des architectes des Bâtiments du Roi et, en <a href="1769" title="1769">1769</a>, contrôleur des Bâtiments du Roi. Lorsque cette administration est réorganisée en <a href="1782" title="1782">1782</a>, il en devient le surveillant et Contrôleur général.
</p><p>Proche du roi <a href="George_III_du_Royaume-Uni" class="mw-redirect" title="George III du Royaume-Uni">George III</a>, il est le premier trésorier de la <a href="Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a> en <a href="1768" title="1768">1768</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> où il protège l'architecte <a href="John_Soane" title="John Soane">John Soane</a>.
</p><p>Son travail associe le <a href="Palladianisme" title="Palladianisme">palladianisme</a>, avec des façades symétriques et bien ordonnées, avec les formes précoces du <a href="N%C3%A9oclassicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Néoclassicisme">néoclassicisme</a>. Il répand en Angleterre le goût de l'architecture chinoise, et est chargé de construire plusieurs maisons et de distribuer des jardins dans ce goût<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p><p>On a de lui&nbsp;:
</p>
<ul><li><i>Dessins des édifices.... chinois</i>, <a href="1757" title="1757">1757</a></li>
<li><i>Dissertation sur le jardinage chinois</i></li>
<li><i>Traité d'architecture civile</i>, <a href="1779" title="1779">1779</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctions">Distinctions</h2></div>
<ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Ordre_royal_de_l'%C3%89toile_polaire" title="Ordre royal de l'Étoile polaire">Chevalier de l'ordre royal de l'Étoile polaire</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Œuvres"><span id=".C5.92uvres"></span>Œuvres</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Duddingston_House" title="Duddingston House">Duddingston House</a>, <a href="Duddingston" title="Duddingston">Duddingston</a>, maison, écuries et temple (1763–68)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2></div>
<ul><li>Janine Barrier, <i>William Chambers&nbsp;: une architecture empreinte de culture française</i>, suivi de sa <i>Correspondance avec la France</i>, Paris, <a href="Presses_de_l'Universit%C3%A9_Paris-Sorbonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne">Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne</a>, 2010</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.racollection.org.uk/ixbin/indexplus?_IXACTION_=file&amp;_IXFILE_=templates/full/person.html&amp;_IXTRAIL_=Names%A0A-Z&amp;person=5569">Fiche sur le site de la Royal Academy of Arts</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095601162?rskey=3dZYU5&amp;result=0&amp;q=William%20Chambers">William Chambers OUP: A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture </a></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Source">Source</h2></div>
<dl><dd><small style="line-height:1.4em">Cet article comprend des extraits du <i><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_universel_d%27histoire_et_de_g%C3%A9ographie_Bouillet_Chassang" class="extiw external" title="s:Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie Bouillet Chassang">Dictionnaire Bouillet</a></i>. Il est possible de supprimer cette indication, si le texte reflète le savoir actuel sur ce thème, si les sources sont citées, s'il satisfait aux exigences linguistiques actuelles et s'il ne contient pas de propos qui vont à l'encontre des règles de neutralité de Wikipédia.</small></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2></div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li>
<li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts</span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agorha.inha.fr/inhaprod/ark:/54721/00210206">AGORHA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:chambers-william-17221796"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Art UK</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/AKL/_10159664"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Artists of the World Online</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00035158"><i>Bénézit</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bridgemanimages.fr/fr/search?filter_text=creatorid:16983"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Bridgeman Art Library</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG22463"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Museum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T015784"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Grove Art Online</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kulturarv.dk/kid/VisKunstner.do?kunstnerId=35007"><span class="lang-da" lang="da">Kunstindeks Danmark</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/Collection/artist-info.11400.html"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Gallery of Art</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00830"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">National Portrait Gallery</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collection.nationalmuseum.se/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&amp;module=artist&amp;objectId=20089"><span class="lang-sv" lang="sv">Nationalmuseum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/artists/16299"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">RKDartists</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/william-chambers-ra"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Royal Academy of Arts</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500004575"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Union List of Artist Names</span></a></li> </ul></span></li>
<li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à l'architecture</span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/architect_full.php?id=405701"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Dictionary of Scottish Architects</span></a></li> </ul></span></li>
<li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative au spectacle</span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatre-architecture.eu/db.html?personId=2144"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>European Theatre Architecture</i></span></a></li> </ul></span></li>
<li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la recherche</span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/43649"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Biodiversity Heritage Library</span></a></li> </ul></span> </li>
<li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes</span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografischportaal.nl/persoon/62660979"><i>Biografisch Portaal van Nederland</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Chambers-British-architect"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/chambers-william"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//William_Chambers/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119435586.html"><i>Deutsche Biographie</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.001606.v1"><i>Dictionary of Irish Biography</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Chambers%2C%2Bsir%2BWilliam.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=11417"><i>Hrvatska Enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3884627"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/william-chambers"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5083"><i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/15007"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/William_Chambers"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/sir-william-chambers"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/chambers-sir-william/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li>
<li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l'information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a></span>&nbsp;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/2590661">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000115583083">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12571315v">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12571315v">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/035112581">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79096877">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/119435586">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV182057">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00770074">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07785885?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070393494">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810611045405606">Pologne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007273508505171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2097066556">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058528902606706">Catalogne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_10615">Vatican</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35027160">Australie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97052837">Norvège</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=mzk2014812201">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul>
<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme</span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail du néo-classicisme</span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de l’Écosse</span> </span></li> </ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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